What is the definition and meaning of Woven

In its simple form, it consists of two series of threads, the warp and the weft, interlaced at right angles to each other. The warp threads run the length of the fabric, while the weft threads run the width of the fabric. The edge of each long side of the fabric is called the selvedge, and its construction or appearance is usually different from the rest of the fabric because its function is not only to provide a firm and neat edge finish for the appearance of the fabric, but also to provide a secure grip for the finishing machine. 

For this reason, small, regular clusters of stitch holes can often be seen on the edges of the fabric, showing where it has been caught by the machine needles. Other types of machines use clips and do not mark the edges. The plan view side and bottom profiles show that the warp and weft lines intersect each other in a similar manner.

If the lines are closely spaced, it can be seen that this form of interlacing structure is very tight, and the alternating interlacing gives no room for lateral movement of the lines. The drapability of this structure depends entirely on the elasticity of the fibers and yarns. For example, the square wire gauze used in the laboratory was formed by interlacing plain wires. The result is the production of a rather stiff piece of fabric, which is what we are aiming for. This fabric is too stiff to be used for any normal fabric use because the elasticity of the steel wires is much lower than that of any textile fiber or yarn.

A finer cotton fabric can be made by interlacing cotton yarns in a plain pattern than wire gauze, but because of the softness and elasticity of cotton, the resulting fabric is quite soft and is sufficiently elastic for many fabric uses. The clay cloth used by tailors to make preliminary models of clothing is usually this type of floral fabric.

Woven structures can vary in density and interlacing, which can make them different in appearance and finish, but in their simple form they represent a very stable material. This means that unless the woven fabric is intentionally made to look like something else (such as an "elastic" fabric), it will not stretch very far in the warp and weft directions because of the interlacing - it resists attempts to straighten out the warp or weft threads.

The natural elasticity of the material will create a reasonable amount of "give" in the warp and weft directions. This will vary depending on the tightness of the structure and the amount of elasticity of the fibers and yarns. The amount of movement is usually small enough to ensure that a piece of woven fabric cut to shape, as part of a garment, will not deform too easily, but will "give" enough to be comfortable when worn if the garment is cut and shaped correctly. If tension is applied on the diagonal, more movement can be obtained because the force is now not directly along the direction of the yarn, but is pulled through both series of threads, causing a 'scissor' action. This diagonal direction is called a bias.

The true bias is an angle of 450, i.e. exactly between the warp and weft threads. Smaller bias angles can be used if necessary, but the maximum amount of movement is along the true bias line. When using woven fabrics for garments, the texture of the fabric must be fully considered. Texture is represented by the warp and weft lines. If the fabric is true, the warp threads are straight in the longitudinal direction, while the weft threads cross the warp threads at 900 in the fabric. Garments are usually constructed in such a way that when worn, the warp threads run vertically down and the weft threads run horizontally through the garment.